Lecture topic: Bioengineering of recombinant spider silk proteins for biomedical applications
Proteins reflect one fascinating class of natural polymers with huge potential for technical as well as biomedical applications. One well-known example is spider silk, a protein fiber with excellent mechanical properties such as strength and toughness. We have developed biotechnological methods using bacteria as production hosts, which produce structural proteins mimicking the natural ones. Further, we can specifically functionalize the recombinant silk proteins with cell-specific and bio-selective tags.
We employ silk proteins in different application forms such as hydrogels, particles or films with tailored properties, which can be employed especially for tissue engineering applications. In such applications, the performance of materials largely depends on their surfaces and is further strictly related to the materials biocompatibility. Spider silk hydrogels can be employed as new bioinks for biofabrication. Their elastic behavior dominates over the viscous behavior over the whole angular frequency range with a low viscosity flow behavior and good form stability. No structural changes occur during the printing process, and the hydrogels solidify immediately after printing by robotic dispensing. Due to the shape stability, it was possible to directly print multiple layers on top of each other without structural collapse. Cell-loaded spider silk constructs can be easily printed without the need of additional cross-linkers or thickeners for mechanical stabilization.
Our bio-inspired approach serves as a basis for new materials in a variety of tissue engineering applications such as heart muscle regeneration.